Has there been any Social Mobility for Non-Whites in Brazil?

Abstract

Studies on social mobility often assume that as societies modernize, the socio-economic position of individuals will become attributable less to their ascribed characteristics, such as class, lineage, gender or race, and more to their own individual achievements, such as those based on ability, talent or effort. In other words, the characteristics of a child’s family or other circumstances beyond his control will have increasingly less influence in determining his own eventual socio-economic status. (...)

Estudos sobre a mobilidade social freqüentemente assumem que à medida que as sociedades se