Silveira, Fernando GaigerCampolina, Bernardo2024-10-032024-10-032013https://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/handle/11058/14895Evidence suggests that insufficient household income can lead to labour supplementation by children and adolescents. The pressure on them to enter the labour market results in less time available for school activities and, ultimately, in school drop-out. Thus most impact evaluations of conditional or unconditional cash transfer programmes tend to pay special attention to programmes’ impacts on children’s and adolescents’ school attendance and participation in the labour market. In a cyclical fashion, the so called ‘substitution effect’ of work for school reproduces a reality experienced by low-income parents, derived from low schooling levels, for future generationEvidence suggests that insufficient household income can lead to labour supplementation by children and adolescents. The pressure on them to enter the labour market results in less time available for school activities and, ultimately, in school drop-out. Thus most impact evaluations of conditional or unconditional cash transfer programmes tend to pay special attention to programmes’ impacts on children’s and adolescents’ school attendance and participation in the labour market. In a cyclical fashion, the so called ‘substitution effect’ of work for school reproduces a reality experienced by low-income parents, derived from low schooling levels, for future generationengAcesso AbertoWorking paperInternational Policy Centre for Inclusive GrowthUnited Nations Development ProgrammeLicença total exclusivaO texto e dados desta publicação podem ser reproduzidos desde que as fontes sejam citadas. Reproduções com fins comerciais são proibidas.SubstitutesubstitutionBolsa Famíliaeffectsworkcombinationschoolchildrenadolescents10-18 aged