Silva, Fernanda AparecidaCechin, AlíciaRibeiro, Fernando José da Silva PaivaBispo, Scarlett Queen AlmeidaMartins, Michelle Márcia VianaNonnenberg, Marcelo José Braga2025-07-232025-07-232025-07SILVA, Fernanda Aparecida et al. Strengthening the multilateral trade system for green growth and developement: South Africa and Brazil within the WTO. Brasília: Ipea, July 2025. (Discussion Paper, n. 3137). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.38116/td3137-enghttps://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/handle/11058/17501International trade has frequently been influenced by policies aimed at environmental protection and the sustainability of production processes. In this context, Brazil plays a significant role in multilateral discussions on the intersection between environmental issues and international trade. Similarly, South Africa has consistently emphasized the importance of balancing environmental commitments with economic growth. This paper aims to analyze the positions and strategies of Brazil and South Africa within the WTO and other international forums, exploring the broader implications of environmental policies on global trade dynamics. Both countries express concerns regarding unilateral environmental measures, such as the EU’s CBAM and EUDR, arguing that these policies could disproportionately impact their economies by restricting market access and increasing export costs. Both advocate for a multilateral approach that considers the economic realities of developing countries and promotes fairer trade. However, their priorities differ in certain aspects. Brazil criticizes agricultural subsidies and opposes the EUDR, claiming that the regulation unfairly harms its agricultural sector. Meanwhile, South Africa focuses its criticism on the CBAM’s impact on its industrial exports and emphasizes the need for international support to adapt to new environmental standards.34 p. : ilengAcesso AbertoInstituto de Pequisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)Cooperação Internacional. Relações InternacionaisLicença Padrão IpeaReproduction of this text and the data contained within is allowed as long as the source is cited. Reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited. É permitida a reprodução deste texto e dos dados nele contidos, desde que citada a fonte. Reproduções para fins comerciais são proibidas.International tradeSustainable developmentEnvironmental policiesWTOComércio internacionalDesenvolvimento sustentávelPolíticas ambientaisOrganização Mundial do Comércio (OMC)10.38116/td3137-eng