Kakwani, NanakSon, Hyun H.2024-10-032024-10-032006https://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/handle/11058/15100This paper proposes a new measure of the unemployment rate. This measure takes into account not only people who are unemployed, but also those earning below the subsistence level of income in the labor market. The proposed methodology is applied to Brazil’s unit record household surveys covering the period between 1995 and 2004.engAcesso AbertoWorking paperInternational Policy Centre for Inclusive GrowthUnited Nations Development ProgrammeLicença total exclusivaO texto e dados desta publicação podem ser reproduzidos desde que as fontes sejam citadas. Reproduções com fins comerciais são proibidas.Open unemployment rateUnderemploymentProductive employmentPoverty