Falkingham, JaneVlachantoni, Athina2024-10-042024-10-042013https://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/handle/11058/15686At independence all the countries of the former Soviet Union inherited extensive social welfare, including a comprehensive pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system with low retirement ages (60 for men and 55 for women) and generous opportunities for early retirement for selected worker groups such as farmers. Most of these countries underwent severe economic dislocation affecting the welfare system (Falkingham, 2005): between 1990 and 1995, GDP per capita fell by more than half in all the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, except for Uzbekistan.engAcesso AbertoWorking paperInternational Policy Centre for Inclusive GrowthUnited Nations Development ProgrammeLicença total exclusivaO texto e dados desta publicação podem ser reproduzidos desde que as fontes sejam citadas. Reproduções com fins comerciais são proibidas.social protectionolder peopleCentral Asia