Publication: A Century of regional inequalities in Brazil
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eng
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Brasil
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1920 - 2016
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BR
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Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
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Reproduction of this text and the data contained within is allowed as long as the source is cited. Reproduction for commercial purposes is prohibited.
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Discussion Paper 271 : A Century of regional inequalities in Brazil
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Abstract
Este trabalho calcula coeficientes de desigualdades espaciais de riqueza entre municípios brasileiros, para cada ano para o período de 1920 a 2016, estados da federação, de 1939 a 2017, e entre municípios de cada uma das cinco macrorregiões brasileiras, de 1920 a 2016. O uso de estatísticas não paramétricas revela caminhos aproximados de desigualdades de curto prazo e a ocorrência de relações em forma de U entre as desigualdades espaciais e o nível do PIB per capita, conhecido como a Curva de Williamson (1965). A decomposição das mudanças nos coeficientes de Gini mostra intensa grande turbulência e salto sobre municípios mais ricos, de 1920 a 1970. Embora o coeficientes confirmaram uma tendência de convergência de longo prazo nas desigualdades espaciais, desde 1970, diferenças significativas entre a dinâmica das desigualdades espaciais macrorregionais, e um preocupante passar para divergência no Sudeste, desde 1996.
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This work calculates coefficients of spatial inequalities of wealth amongst Brazilian municipalities, for each year for the period from 1920 to 2016, states of the federation, from 1939 to 2017, and amongst municipalities from each of the five Brazilians’ macro-regions, from 1920 to 2016. The use of non-parametric statistics reveals rough short-term paths of inequalities, and the occurrence of U-shaped relationships between spatial inequalities and the level of per capita GDP, known as the Williamson’s Curve (1965). Decomposition of the changes in the Gini coefficients show intense rank turbulence and leapfrogging over richer municipalities, from 1920 to 1970. Although the coefficients confirmed a long-term convergence trend in spatial inequalities, since 1970, there have been significant differences between macro-regional spatial inequalities dynamics, and a worrying switch to divergence in the Southeast, since in 1996.